Lamp full

Frontohis rhetoric master · Entry XI

Marcus Aurelius · George Long, 1862

XI. From Fronto I learned to observe what envy and duplicity and hypocrisy are in a tyrant, and that generally those among us who are called Patricians are rather deficient in paternal affection.

Frontohis rhetoric master

Marcus Cornelius Fronto of Cirta, the leading Latin orator of his day. Their letters survive and are warm; he spent years trying to stop Marcus abandoning rhetoric for philosophy, and failed.

Where they were from

Where they were from

An orator from Cirta in Africa, who led the bar at Rome.

When, in his life

writing this
about 139–167
born 121 adopted 138 emperor 161 died 180

Tutor, then correspondent, until Fronto died.

Where it comes from

Fronto was his rhetoric master and their letters survive, full of affection. What Marcus records from him is not eloquence but a warning about what power does to a man.

Entry XI of XVII

Text: George Long, 1862, public domain, from Project Gutenberg, set unaltered — footnote marks removed, and Long’s bracketed words kept, because the Greek omits the verb. XVI and XVII are set as lists because that is how they are punctuated: twenty-four clauses and nineteen, each a separate debt. Places follow the Wikisource commentary on Book One; where it records none — his father, his governor, Diognetus, Catulus, Severus — the map says so rather than guessing, and the life-bar says when is not recorded rather than inventing a span.