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The History of RomeBook One · Chapter VI

Livy · D. Spillan, 1853

Numitor, at the beginning of the fray, having given out that enemies had invaded the city, and assaulted the palace, after he had drawn off the Alban youth to secure the citadel with a garrison and arms, when he saw the young men, after they had killed the king, advancing to congratulate him, immediately called an assembly of the people, and represented to them the unnatural behaviour of his brother towards him, the extraction of his grand-children, the manner of their birth and education, and how they came to be discovered; then he informed them of the king's death, and that he was killed by his orders. When the young princes, coming up with their band through the middle of the assembly, saluted their grandfather king, an approving shout, following from all the people present, ratified to him both that title and the sovereignty. Thus the government of Alba being committed to Numitor, a desire seized Romulus and Remus to build a city on the spot where they had been exposed and brought up. And there was an overflowing population of Albans and of Latins. The shepherds too had come into that design, and all these readily inspired hopes, that Alba and Lavinium would be but petty places in comparison with the city which they intended to build. But ambition of the sovereignty, the bane of their grandfather, interrupted these designs, and thence arose a shameful quarrel from a beginning sufficiently amicable. For as they were twins, and the respect due to seniority could not determine the point, they agreed to leave to the tutelary gods of the place to choose, by augury, which should give a name to the new city, which govern it when built.

Whose reign

Romulus 753–716 BC — the years tradition gives him

How much of this is history

Book One covers two and a half centuries before any Roman was writing anything down, and Livy composed it four hundred years after the last event in it. He says in his own preface that what comes before the city’s founding is “rather adorned with poetic legends than founded on authentic records”. The towns on the map are real places; the reigns and the dates are tradition.

Text: Livy, The History of Rome, Book One, in D. Spillan’s translation for Bohn’s Classical Library, 1853 — public domain, from Project Gutenberg ebook 19725, set unaltered. Spillan’s own footnotes are his and are not printed; his argument to the book is on the title page and labelled as his. All 60 chapters, numbering checked. Map: Latium, from Natural Earth 10m land, lakes and the Tiber, public domain, clipped and projected at build time; town coordinates matched against the Pleiades gazetteer (CC-BY) — Pleiades often holds a feature within a town rather than the town itself, so each was seeded with an independent position and the nearest record accepted only within 12 km. Alba Longa and Laurentum are drawn hollow and Caenina and Suessa Pometia are not drawn at all, because their sites are not agreed.